Hey there 👋
I'm Zhen Xu

I’m a PhD candidate in Cognitive Science at Columbia University.

My research focuses on AI for Education and Human Skill Development. Drawing on cognitive science, learning sciences, and pedagogical theory, I seek to understand how AI is reshaping human learning and to advance AI as a meaningful cognitive partner that fosters human growth.

Specifically, my work follows two interconnected strands:

  • Understanding human cognition and behavior in the age of AI. I study emerging patterns of human–AI interaction in real-world educational and knowledge-work settings, examining how AI reshapes learning behaviors, cognitive engagement, social interaction, and teaching practices, and what new opportunities and challenges these changes create.
  • Evaluating and advancing AI for learning and skill development. My recent work focuses on evaluating and improving AI’s pedagogical capabilities and simulating human cognition and behavior, with the goal of building more effective and adaptive AI support across diverse learning contexts.

Beyond these two strands, I am also interested in applying cognitive science to understand and improve AI reasoning and human–AI collaboration.

I am fortunate to be advised by Dr. Renzhe Yu and Dr. James Corter. Previously, I received my master’s degree in STEM Education from the School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, where I worked with Dr. Ping Zhang on developing assessment instruments for complex concept learning and scientific reasoning. I also worked as a PhD research intern at the Educational Testing Service (ETS) Research Institute, where I collaborated with Jamie Mikeska and Beata Beigman Klebanov on AI-based learner simulation for teacher training.

📢 News

  • 2026.10 – Our paper on AI-based learner simulation was accepted to the Interpreting Agent Behavior (IAB) Workshop at NeurIPS 2026 in Sydney!
  • 2026.06 – I will start my summer research intern at ETS!
  • 2026.05 – Our paper received the Best Full Paper Award 🏆 at the Stanford Education Data Science Conference!
  • 2026.03 – Our LAK 2026 paper on explainable AI–based data annotation received a Best Full Paper nomination 🏅!
  • 2026.02 – I will co-organize the LAK 2026 workshop “Curriculum Analytics for 21st-Century Competencies in Postsecondary Education” in Bergen, Norway.
  • 2025.07 – I will attend AIED, EDM, and L@S in July 2025 in Palermo, Italy. Happy to connect if you'll be there too!
  • 2025.04 – I will give an online talk as a Guest Speaker and Panelist at the Educational Technology Sub-Forum of the 16th China Education Symposium at Harvard University.
  • 2025.03 – I will give an online talk as a Guest Speaker at the AI Application Sub-Forum of Columbia University Teachers College China-US Education Forum.
  • 2024.11 – Our paper “Intersectional inequalities in asynchronous academic communication” won Best Student Paper Awards at SCiP 2024 🏆.
  • 2024.09 – I will start my PhD in Cognitive Science at Teachers College, Columbia University!

💡 Selected Publications

Please check my Google Scholar profile for a full list of publications.

Enhancing LLM-Based Data Annotation with Error Decomposition. [link]

Zhen Xu, Vedant Khatri, Yijun Dai, Xiner Liu, Siyan Li, Xuanming Zhang, Renzhe Yu.

The 16th International Learning Analytics & Knowledge Conference (LAK), 2026 🏆 Best Full Paper Nomination

Collaborative Multi-Agent Test-Time Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning. [link]

Zhiyuan Hu, Yunhai Hu, Juncheng Liu, Shuyue Stella Li, Yucheng Wang, Zhen Xu et al.

arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.09667

Bringing Pedagogy into Focus: Evaluating Virtual Teaching Assistants in Asynchronous Learning Environments. [link]

†Siyan Li, †Zhen Xu, Vethavikashini Chithrra Raghuram, Xuanming Zhang, Renzhe Yu, Zhou Yu.

Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: (EMNLP Findings), 2025

From Course to Skill: Evaluating LLM Performance in Curricular Analytics. [link]

Zhen Xu, Xinjin Li, Yingqi Huan, Veronica Minaya, Renzhe Yu.

The 26th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED), 2025

Contexts Matter but How? Course-Level Correlates of Performance and Fairness Shift in Predictive Model Transfer. [link]

†Zhen Xu, †Joseph Olson, Nicole Pochinki, Jason Zheng, Renzhe Yu.

The 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, 713–724 (LAK), 2024

Last updated: 2026.11 © Zhen Xu